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Diffstat (limited to '.pio/libdeps/esp32-s3-n16r8/Adafruit NeoPixel/Adafruit_NeoPixel.cpp')
| -rw-r--r-- | .pio/libdeps/esp32-s3-n16r8/Adafruit NeoPixel/Adafruit_NeoPixel.cpp | 3815 |
1 files changed, 3815 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.pio/libdeps/esp32-s3-n16r8/Adafruit NeoPixel/Adafruit_NeoPixel.cpp b/.pio/libdeps/esp32-s3-n16r8/Adafruit NeoPixel/Adafruit_NeoPixel.cpp new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8301031 --- /dev/null +++ b/.pio/libdeps/esp32-s3-n16r8/Adafruit NeoPixel/Adafruit_NeoPixel.cpp @@ -0,0 +1,3815 @@ +/*!
+ * @file Adafruit_NeoPixel.cpp
+ *
+ * @mainpage Arduino Library for driving Adafruit NeoPixel addressable LEDs,
+ * FLORA RGB Smart Pixels and compatible devicess -- WS2811, WS2812, WS2812B,
+ * SK6812, etc.
+ *
+ * @section intro_sec Introduction
+ *
+ * This is the documentation for Adafruit's NeoPixel library for the
+ * Arduino platform, allowing a broad range of microcontroller boards
+ * (most AVR boards, many ARM devices, ESP8266 and ESP32, among others)
+ * to control Adafruit NeoPixels, FLORA RGB Smart Pixels and compatible
+ * devices -- WS2811, WS2812, WS2812B, SK6812, etc.
+ *
+ * Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code,
+ * please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing products
+ * from Adafruit!
+ *
+ * @section author Author
+ *
+ * Written by Phil "Paint Your Dragon" Burgess for Adafruit Industries,
+ * with contributions by PJRC, Michael Miller and other members of the
+ * open source community.
+ * Minor change in timing for CH32 @48MHz by Maxint-RD 20260126.
+ *
+ * @section license License
+ *
+ * This file is part of the Adafruit_NeoPixel library.
+ *
+ * Adafruit_NeoPixel is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+ * License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Adafruit_NeoPixel is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with NeoPixel. If not, see
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "Adafruit_NeoPixel.h"
+
+#if defined(TARGET_LPC1768)
+#include <time.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(NRF52) || defined(NRF52_SERIES)
+#include "nrf.h"
+
+// Interrupt is only disabled if there is no PWM device available
+// Note: Adafruit Bluefruit nrf52 does not use this option
+// #define NRF52_DISABLE_INT
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_NRF52840)
+#if defined __has_include
+#if __has_include(<pinDefinitions.h>)
+#include <pinDefinitions.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED)
+#include "mbed.h" // Needed for DigitalOut and PinName
+#endif
+
+/*!
+ @brief NeoPixel constructor when length, pin and pixel type are known
+ at compile-time.
+ @param n Number of NeoPixels in strand.
+ @param p Arduino pin number which will drive the NeoPixel data in.
+ @param t Pixel type -- add together NEO_* constants defined in
+ Adafruit_NeoPixel.h, for example NEO_GRB+NEO_KHZ800 for
+ NeoPixels expecting an 800 KHz (vs 400 KHz) data stream
+ with color bytes expressed in green, red, blue order per
+ pixel.
+ @return Adafruit_NeoPixel object. Call the begin() function before use.
+*/
+Adafruit_NeoPixel::Adafruit_NeoPixel(uint16_t n, int16_t p, neoPixelType t)
+ : begun(false), brightness(0), pixels(NULL), endTime(0) {
+ updateType(t);
+ updateLength(n);
+ setPin(p);
+
+#if defined(ESP32)
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 0, 0)
+ espInit();
+#endif
+#endif
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief "Empty" NeoPixel constructor when length, pin and/or pixel type
+ are not known at compile-time, and must be initialized later with
+ updateType(), updateLength() and setPin().
+ @return Adafruit_NeoPixel object. Call the begin() function before use.
+ @note This function is deprecated, here only for old projects that
+ may still be calling it. New projects should instead use the
+ 'new' keyword with the first constructor syntax (length, pin,
+ type).
+*/
+Adafruit_NeoPixel::Adafruit_NeoPixel()
+ :
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ is800KHz(true),
+#endif
+ begun(false), numLEDs(0), numBytes(0), pin(-1), brightness(0),
+ pixels(NULL), rOffset(1), gOffset(0), bOffset(2), wOffset(1), endTime(0) {
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Deallocate Adafruit_NeoPixel object, set data pin back to INPUT.
+*/
+Adafruit_NeoPixel::~Adafruit_NeoPixel() {
+#ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
+ // Release RMT resources (RMT channels and led_data)
+ // by indirectly calling into espShow()
+ memset(pixels, 0, numBytes);
+ numLEDs = numBytes = 0;
+ show();
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040)
+ // Release any PIO
+ rp2040releasePIO();
+#endif
+
+ free(pixels);
+ if (pin >= 0)
+ pinMode(pin, INPUT);
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Configure NeoPixel pin for output.
+ @returns False if we weren't able to claim resources required
+*/
+bool Adafruit_NeoPixel::begin(void) {
+ if (pin >= 0) {
+ pinMode(pin, OUTPUT);
+ digitalWrite(pin, LOW);
+ } else {
+ begun = false;
+ return false;
+ }
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040)
+ // if we're calling begin() again, unclaim any existing PIO resc.
+ rp2040releasePIO();
+ if (!rp2040claimPIO()) {
+ begun = false;
+ return false;
+ }
+
+#endif
+
+ begun = true;
+ return true;
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Change the length of a previously-declared Adafruit_NeoPixel
+ strip object. Old data is deallocated and new data is cleared.
+ Pin number and pixel format are unchanged.
+ @param n New length of strip, in pixels.
+ @note This function is deprecated, here only for old projects that
+ may still be calling it. New projects should instead use the
+ 'new' keyword with the first constructor syntax (length, pin,
+ type).
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::updateLength(uint16_t n) {
+ free(pixels); // Free existing data (if any)
+
+ // Allocate new data -- note: ALL PIXELS ARE CLEARED
+ numBytes = n * ((wOffset == rOffset) ? 3 : 4);
+ if ((pixels = (uint8_t *)malloc(numBytes))) {
+ memset(pixels, 0, numBytes);
+ numLEDs = n;
+ } else {
+ numLEDs = numBytes = 0;
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Change the pixel format of a previously-declared
+ Adafruit_NeoPixel strip object. If format changes from one of
+ the RGB variants to an RGBW variant (or RGBW to RGB), the old
+ data will be deallocated and new data is cleared. Otherwise,
+ the old data will remain in RAM and is not reordered to the
+ new format, so it's advisable to follow up with clear().
+ @param t Pixel type -- add together NEO_* constants defined in
+ Adafruit_NeoPixel.h, for example NEO_GRB+NEO_KHZ800 for
+ NeoPixels expecting an 800 KHz (vs 400 KHz) data stream
+ with color bytes expressed in green, red, blue order per
+ pixel.
+ @note This function is deprecated, here only for old projects that
+ may still be calling it. New projects should instead use the
+ 'new' keyword with the first constructor syntax
+ (length, pin, type).
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::updateType(neoPixelType t) {
+ bool oldThreeBytesPerPixel = (wOffset == rOffset); // false if RGBW
+
+ wOffset = (t >> 6) & 0b11; // See notes in header file
+ rOffset = (t >> 4) & 0b11; // regarding R/G/B/W offsets
+ gOffset = (t >> 2) & 0b11;
+ bOffset = t & 0b11;
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ is800KHz = (t < 256); // 400 KHz flag is 1<<8
+#endif
+
+ // If bytes-per-pixel has changed (and pixel data was previously
+ // allocated), re-allocate to new size. Will clear any data.
+ if (pixels) {
+ bool newThreeBytesPerPixel = (wOffset == rOffset);
+ if (newThreeBytesPerPixel != oldThreeBytesPerPixel)
+ updateLength(numLEDs);
+ }
+}
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_CH32)
+
+// F_CPU is defined to SystemCoreClock (not constant number)
+#if SYSCLK_FREQ_144MHz_HSE == 144000000 || SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE == 144000000 || \
+ SYSCLK_FREQ_144MHz_HSI == 144000000 || SYSCLK_FREQ_HSI == 144000000
+#define CH32_F_CPU 144000000
+
+#elif SYSCLK_FREQ_120MHz_HSE == 120000000 || SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE == 120000000 || \
+ SYSCLK_FREQ_120MHz_HSI == 120000000 || SYSCLK_FREQ_HSI == 120000000
+#define CH32_F_CPU 120000000
+
+#elif SYSCLK_FREQ_96MHz_HSE == 96000000 || SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE == 96000000 || \
+ SYSCLK_FREQ_96MHz_HSI == 96000000 || SYSCLK_FREQ_HSI == 96000000
+#define CH32_F_CPU 96000000
+
+#elif SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz_HSE == 72000000 || SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE == 72000000 || \
+ SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz_HSI == 72000000 || SYSCLK_FREQ_HSI == 72000000
+#define CH32_F_CPU 72000000
+
+#elif SYSCLK_FREQ_56MHz_HSE == 56000000 || SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE == 56000000 || \
+ SYSCLK_FREQ_56MHz_HSI == 56000000 || SYSCLK_FREQ_HSI == 56000000
+#define CH32_F_CPU 56000000
+
+#elif SYSCLK_FREQ_48MHz_HSE == 48000000 || SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE == 48000000 || \
+ SYSCLK_FREQ_48MHz_HSI == 48000000 || SYSCLK_FREQ_HSI == 48000000
+#define CH32_F_CPU 48000000
+
+#endif
+
+static void ch32Show(GPIO_TypeDef *ch_port, uint32_t ch_pin, uint8_t *pixels,
+ uint32_t numBytes, bool is800KHz) {
+ // not support 400khz
+ if (!is800KHz)
+ return;
+
+ volatile uint32_t *set = &ch_port->BSHR;
+ volatile uint32_t *clr = &ch_port->BCR;
+
+ uint8_t *ptr = pixels;
+ uint8_t *end = ptr + numBytes;
+ uint8_t p = *ptr++;
+ uint8_t bitMask = 0x80;
+
+ // NVIC_DisableIRQ(SysTicK_IRQn);
+
+ while (1) {
+ if (p & bitMask) { // ONE
+ // High 800ns
+ *set = ch_pin;
+ __asm volatile("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 56000000
+ "nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 72000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 96000000
+ "nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 120000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 144000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+ );
+
+ // Low 450ns
+ *clr = ch_pin;
+ __asm volatile(
+ "nop; nop;"
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 56000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 72000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 96000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 120000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 144000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+ );
+ } else { // ZERO
+ // High 400ns
+ *set = ch_pin;
+ __asm volatile(
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 56000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 72000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 96000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 120000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; "
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 144000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+ );
+
+ // Low 850ns
+ *clr = ch_pin;
+ __asm volatile(
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 56000000
+ "nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 72000000
+ "nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 96000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 120000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+#if CH32_F_CPU >= 144000000
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+#endif
+ );
+ }
+
+ if (bitMask >>= 1) {
+ // Move on to the next pixel
+ asm("nop;");
+ } else {
+ if (ptr >= end) {
+ break;
+ }
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // NVIC_EnableIRQ(SysTicK_IRQn);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ESP8266)
+// ESP8266 show() is external to enforce ICACHE_RAM_ATTR execution
+extern "C" IRAM_ATTR void espShow(uint16_t pin, uint8_t *pixels,
+ uint32_t numBytes, uint8_t type);
+#elif defined(ESP32)
+extern "C" void espShow(uint16_t pin, uint8_t *pixels, uint32_t numBytes,
+ uint8_t type);
+
+#endif // ESP8266
+
+#if defined(K210)
+#define KENDRYTE_K210 1
+#endif
+
+#if defined(KENDRYTE_K210)
+extern "C" void k210Show(uint8_t pin, uint8_t *pixels, uint32_t numBytes,
+ boolean is800KHz);
+#endif // KENDRYTE_K210
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_PSOC6)
+extern "C" void psoc6_show(uint8_t pin, uint8_t *pixels, uint32_t numBytes,
+ boolean is800KHz);
+#endif
+/*!
+ @brief Transmit pixel data in RAM to NeoPixels.
+ @note On most architectures, interrupts are temporarily disabled in
+ order to achieve the correct NeoPixel signal timing. This means
+ that the Arduino millis() and micros() functions, which require
+ interrupts, will lose small intervals of time whenever this
+ function is called (about 30 microseconds per RGB pixel, 40 for
+ RGBW pixels). There's no easy fix for this, but a few
+ specialized alternative or companion libraries exist that use
+ very device-specific peripherals to work around it.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::show(void) {
+
+ if (!pixels)
+ return;
+
+ // Data latch = 300+ microsecond pause in the output stream. Rather than
+ // put a delay at the end of the function, the ending time is noted and
+ // the function will simply hold off (if needed) on issuing the
+ // subsequent round of data until the latch time has elapsed. This
+ // allows the mainline code to start generating the next frame of data
+ // rather than stalling for the latch.
+ while (!canShow())
+ ;
+ // endTime is a private member (rather than global var) so that multiple
+ // instances on different pins can be quickly issued in succession (each
+ // instance doesn't delay the next).
+
+ // In order to make this code runtime-configurable to work with any pin,
+ // SBI/CBI instructions are eschewed in favor of full PORT writes via the
+ // OUT or ST instructions. It relies on two facts: that peripheral
+ // functions (such as PWM) take precedence on output pins, so our PORT-
+ // wide writes won't interfere, and that interrupts are globally disabled
+ // while data is being issued to the LEDs, so no other code will be
+ // accessing the PORT. The code takes an initial 'snapshot' of the PORT
+ // state, computes 'pin high' and 'pin low' values, and writes these back
+ // to the PORT register as needed.
+
+ // NRF52 may use PWM + DMA (if available), may not need to disable interrupt
+ // ESP32 may not disable interrupts because espShow() uses RMT which tries
+ // to acquire locks
+#if !(defined(NRF52) || defined(NRF52_SERIES) || defined(ESP32))
+ noInterrupts(); // Need 100% focus on instruction timing
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_PSOC6)
+ psoc6_show(pin, pixels, numBytes, is800KHz);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__AVR__)
+ // AVR MCUs -- ATmega & ATtiny (no XMEGA) ---------------------------------
+
+ volatile uint16_t i = numBytes; // Loop counter
+ volatile uint8_t *ptr = pixels, // Pointer to next byte
+ b = *ptr++, // Current byte value
+ hi, // PORT w/output bit set high
+ lo; // PORT w/output bit set low
+
+ // Hand-tuned assembly code issues data to the LED drivers at a specific
+ // rate. There's separate code for different CPU speeds (8, 12, 16 MHz)
+ // for both the WS2811 (400 KHz) and WS2812 (800 KHz) drivers. The
+ // datastream timing for the LED drivers allows a little wiggle room each
+ // way (listed in the datasheets), so the conditions for compiling each
+ // case are set up for a range of frequencies rather than just the exact
+ // 8, 12 or 16 MHz values, permitting use with some close-but-not-spot-on
+ // devices (e.g. 16.5 MHz DigiSpark). The ranges were arrived at based
+ // on the datasheet figures and have not been extensively tested outside
+ // the canonical 8/12/16 MHz speeds; there's no guarantee these will work
+ // close to the extremes (or possibly they could be pushed further).
+ // Keep in mind only one CPU speed case actually gets compiled; the
+ // resulting program isn't as massive as it might look from source here.
+
+// 8 MHz(ish) AVR ---------------------------------------------------------
+#if (F_CPU >= 7400000UL) && (F_CPU <= 9500000UL)
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+
+ volatile uint8_t n1, n2 = 0; // First, next bits out
+
+ // Squeezing an 800 KHz stream out of an 8 MHz chip requires code
+ // specific to each PORT register.
+
+ // 10 instruction clocks per bit: HHxxxxxLLL
+ // OUT instructions: ^ ^ ^ (T=0,2,7)
+
+ // PORTD OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTD)
+#if defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ if (port == &PORTD) {
+#endif // defined(PORTB/C/F)
+
+ hi = PORTD | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTD & ~pinMask;
+ n1 = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ n1 = hi;
+
+ // Dirty trick: RJMPs proceeding to the next instruction are used
+ // to delay two clock cycles in one instruction word (rather than
+ // using two NOPs). This was necessary in order to squeeze the
+ // loop down to exactly 64 words -- the maximum possible for a
+ // relative branch.
+
+ asm volatile(
+ "headD:"
+ "\n\t" // Clk Pseudocode
+ // Bit 7:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n2 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n1
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 6"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x40)
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n2 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ // Bit 6:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n1 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n2
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 5"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x20)
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n1 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ // Bit 5:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n2 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n1
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 4"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x10)
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n2 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ // Bit 4:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n1 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n2
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 3"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x08)
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n1 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ // Bit 3:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n2 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n1
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 2"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x04)
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n2 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ // Bit 2:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n1 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n2
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 1"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x02)
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n1 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ // Bit 1:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n2 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n1
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 0"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x01)
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n2 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t" // 2 i-- (don't act on Z flag yet)
+ // Bit 0:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n1 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n2
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t" // 2 b = *ptr++
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x80)
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n1 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "brne headD"
+ "\n" // 2 while(i) (Z flag set above)
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [n1] "+r"(n1), [n2] "+r"(n2), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTD)), [ptr] "e"(ptr), [hi] "r"(hi),
+ [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ } else // other PORT(s)
+#endif // defined(PORTB/C/F)
+#endif // defined(PORTD)
+
+ // PORTB OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTB)
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ if (port == &PORTB) {
+#endif // defined(PORTD/C/F)
+
+ // Same as above, just switched to PORTB and stripped of comments.
+ hi = PORTB | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTB & ~pinMask;
+ n1 = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ n1 = hi;
+
+ asm volatile(
+ "headB:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 6"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 5"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 4"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 3"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 2"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "brne headB"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [n1] "+r"(n1), [n2] "+r"(n2), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTB)), [ptr] "e"(ptr), [hi] "r"(hi),
+ [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ }
+#endif
+#if defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ else
+#endif // defined(PORTC/F)
+#endif // defined(PORTB)
+
+ // PORTC OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTC)
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTF)
+ if (port == &PORTC) {
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/F)
+
+ // Same as above, just switched to PORTC and stripped of comments.
+ hi = PORTC | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTC & ~pinMask;
+ n1 = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ n1 = hi;
+
+ asm volatile(
+ "headC:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 6"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 5"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 4"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 3"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 2"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "brne headC"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [n1] "+r"(n1), [n2] "+r"(n2), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTC)), [ptr] "e"(ptr), [hi] "r"(hi),
+ [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTF)
+ }
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/F)
+#if defined(PORTF)
+ else
+#endif
+#endif // defined(PORTC)
+
+ // PORTF OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTF)
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC)
+ if (port == &PORTF) {
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/C)
+
+ hi = PORTF | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTF & ~pinMask;
+ n1 = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ n1 = hi;
+
+ asm volatile(
+ "headF:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 6"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 5"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 4"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 3"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 2"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "brne headF"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [n1] "+r"(n1), [n2] "+r"(n2), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTF)), [ptr] "e"(ptr), [hi] "r"(hi),
+ [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC)
+ }
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/C)
+#endif // defined(PORTF)
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // end 800 KHz, do 400 KHz
+
+ // Timing is more relaxed; unrolling the inner loop for each bit is
+ // not necessary. Still using the peculiar RJMPs as 2X NOPs, not out
+ // of need but just to trim the code size down a little.
+ // This 400-KHz-datastream-on-8-MHz-CPU code is not quite identical
+ // to the 800-on-16 code later -- the hi/lo timing between WS2811 and
+ // WS2812 is not simply a 2:1 scale!
+
+ // 20 inst. clocks per bit: HHHHxxxxxxLLLLLLLLLL
+ // ST instructions: ^ ^ ^ (T=0,4,10)
+
+ volatile uint8_t next, bit;
+
+ hi = *port | pinMask;
+ lo = *port & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ bit = 8;
+
+ asm volatile("head20%=:"
+ "\n\t" // Clk Pseudocode (T = 0)
+ "st %a[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = hi (T = 2)
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 128)
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 next = hi (T = 4)
+ "st %a[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = next (T = 6)
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 next = lo (T = 7)
+ "dec %[bit]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit-- (T = 8)
+ "breq nextbyte20%="
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(bit == 0)
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 b <<= 1 (T = 10)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 12)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 14)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 16)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 18)
+ "rjmp head20%="
+ "\n\t" // 2 -> head20 (next bit out)
+ "nextbyte20%=:"
+ "\n\t" // (T = 10)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 12)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 13)
+ "ldi %[bit] , 8"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit = 8 (T = 14)
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t" // 2 b = *ptr++ (T = 16)
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t" // 2 i-- (T = 18)
+ "brne head20%="
+ "\n" // 2 if(i != 0) -> (next byte)
+ : [port] "+e"(port), [byte] "+r"(b), [bit] "+r"(bit),
+ [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo), [ptr] "e"(ptr));
+ }
+#endif // NEO_KHZ400
+
+// 12 MHz(ish) AVR --------------------------------------------------------
+#elif (F_CPU >= 11100000UL) && (F_CPU <= 14300000UL)
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+
+ // In the 12 MHz case, an optimized 800 KHz datastream (no dead time
+ // between bytes) requires a PORT-specific loop similar to the 8 MHz
+ // code (but a little more relaxed in this case).
+
+ // 15 instruction clocks per bit: HHHHxxxxxxLLLLL
+ // OUT instructions: ^ ^ ^ (T=0,4,10)
+
+ volatile uint8_t next;
+
+ // PORTD OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTD)
+#if defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ if (port == &PORTD) {
+#endif // defined(PORTB/C/F)
+
+ hi = PORTD | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTD & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ next = hi;
+
+ // Don't "optimize" the OUT calls into the bitTime subroutine;
+ // we're exploiting the RCALL and RET as 3- and 4-cycle NOPs!
+ asm volatile("headD:"
+ "\n\t" // (T = 0)
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // (T = 1)
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 7 (T = 15)
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 6
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 5
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 4
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 3
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 2
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 1
+ // Bit 0:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi (T = 1)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 3)
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t" // 2 b = *ptr++ (T = 5)
+ "out %[port] , %[next]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = next (T = 6)
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 next = lo (T = 7)
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x80) (T = 8)
+ "mov %[next] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 next = hi (T = 9)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 (T = 10)
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo (T = 11)
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t" // 2 i-- (T = 13)
+ "brne headD"
+ "\n\t" // 2 if(i != 0) -> (next byte)
+ "rjmp doneD"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bitTimeD:"
+ "\n\t" // nop nop nop (T = 4)
+ "out %[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = next (T = 5)
+ "mov %[next], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 next = lo (T = 6)
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 b <<= 1 (T = 7)
+ "sbrc %[byte], 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x80) (T = 8)
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 next = hi (T = 9)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 (T = 10)
+ "out %[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo (T = 11)
+ "ret"
+ "\n\t" // 4 nop nop nop nop (T = 15)
+ "doneD:"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTD)), [ptr] "e"(ptr),
+ [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ } else // other PORT(s)
+#endif // defined(PORTB/C/F)
+#endif // defined(PORTD)
+
+ // PORTB OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTB)
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ if (port == &PORTB) {
+#endif // defined(PORTD/C/F)
+
+ hi = PORTB | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTB & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ next = hi;
+
+ // Same as above, just set for PORTB & stripped of comments
+ asm volatile("headB:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[next]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "brne headB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp doneB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bitTimeB:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte], 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ret"
+ "\n\t"
+ "doneB:"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTB)), [ptr] "e"(ptr),
+ [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ }
+#endif
+#if defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ else
+#endif // defined(PORTC/F)
+#endif // defined(PORTB)
+
+ // PORTC OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTC)
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTF)
+ if (port == &PORTC) {
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/F)
+
+ hi = PORTC | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTC & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ next = hi;
+
+ // Same as above, just set for PORTC & stripped of comments
+ asm volatile("headC:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[next]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "brne headC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp doneC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bitTimeC:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte], 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ret"
+ "\n\t"
+ "doneC:"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTC)), [ptr] "e"(ptr),
+ [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTF)
+ }
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/F)
+#if defined(PORTF)
+ else
+#endif
+#endif // defined(PORTC)
+
+ // PORTF OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTF)
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC)
+ if (port == &PORTF) {
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/C)
+
+ hi = PORTF | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTF & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ next = hi;
+
+ // Same as above, just set for PORTF & stripped of comments
+ asm volatile("headF:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[next]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "brne headF"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp doneC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bitTimeC:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte], 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ret"
+ "\n\t"
+ "doneC:"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTF)), [ptr] "e"(ptr),
+ [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC)
+ }
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/C)
+#endif // defined(PORTF)
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz
+
+ // 30 instruction clocks per bit: HHHHHHxxxxxxxxxLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
+ // ST instructions: ^ ^ ^ (T=0,6,15)
+
+ volatile uint8_t next, bit;
+
+ hi = *port | pinMask;
+ lo = *port & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ bit = 8;
+
+ asm volatile("head30:"
+ "\n\t" // Clk Pseudocode (T = 0)
+ "st %a[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = hi (T = 2)
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 128)
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 next = hi (T = 4)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 6)
+ "st %a[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = next (T = 8)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 10)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 12)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 14)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 15)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 17)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 19)
+ "dec %[bit]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit-- (T = 20)
+ "breq nextbyte30"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(bit == 0)
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 b <<= 1 (T = 22)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 24)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 26)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 28)
+ "rjmp head30"
+ "\n\t" // 2 -> head30 (next bit out)
+ "nextbyte30:"
+ "\n\t" // (T = 22)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 23)
+ "ldi %[bit] , 8"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit = 8 (T = 24)
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t" // 2 b = *ptr++ (T = 26)
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t" // 2 i-- (T = 28)
+ "brne head30"
+ "\n" // 1-2 if(i != 0) -> (next byte)
+ : [port] "+e"(port), [byte] "+r"(b), [bit] "+r"(bit),
+ [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo), [ptr] "e"(ptr));
+ }
+#endif // NEO_KHZ400
+
+// 16 MHz(ish) AVR --------------------------------------------------------
+#elif (F_CPU >= 15400000UL) && (F_CPU <= 19000000L)
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+
+ // WS2811 and WS2812 have different hi/lo duty cycles; this is
+ // similar but NOT an exact copy of the prior 400-on-8 code.
+
+ // 20 inst. clocks per bit: HHHHHxxxxxxxxLLLLLLL
+ // ST instructions: ^ ^ ^ (T=0,5,13)
+
+ volatile uint8_t next, bit;
+
+ hi = *port | pinMask;
+ lo = *port & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ bit = 8;
+
+ asm volatile("head20%=:"
+ "\n\t" // Clk Pseudocode (T = 0)
+ "st %a[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = hi (T = 2)
+ "sbrc %[byte], 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 128)
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 next = hi (T = 4)
+ "dec %[bit]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit-- (T = 5)
+ "st %a[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = next (T = 7)
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 next = lo (T = 8)
+ "breq nextbyte20%="
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(bit == 0) (from dec above)
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 b <<= 1 (T = 10)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 12)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 13)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 15)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 16)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 18)
+ "rjmp head20%="
+ "\n\t" // 2 -> head20 (next bit out)
+ "nextbyte20%=:"
+ "\n\t" // (T = 10)
+ "ldi %[bit] , 8"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit = 8 (T = 11)
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t" // 2 b = *ptr++ (T = 13)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 15)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 16)
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t" // 2 i-- (T = 18)
+ "brne head20%="
+ "\n" // 2 if(i != 0) -> (next byte)
+ : [port] "+e"(port), [byte] "+r"(b), [bit] "+r"(bit),
+ [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [ptr] "e"(ptr), [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz
+
+ // The 400 KHz clock on 16 MHz MCU is the most 'relaxed' version.
+
+ // 40 inst. clocks per bit: HHHHHHHHxxxxxxxxxxxxLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
+ // ST instructions: ^ ^ ^ (T=0,8,20)
+
+ volatile uint8_t next, bit;
+
+ hi = *port | pinMask;
+ lo = *port & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ bit = 8;
+
+ asm volatile("head40%=:"
+ "\n\t" // Clk Pseudocode (T = 0)
+ "st %a[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = hi (T = 2)
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 128)
+ "mov %[next] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 next = hi (T = 4)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 6)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 8)
+ "st %a[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = next (T = 10)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 12)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 14)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 16)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 18)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 20)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 22)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 23)
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 next = lo (T = 24)
+ "dec %[bit]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit-- (T = 25)
+ "breq nextbyte40%="
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(bit == 0)
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 b <<= 1 (T = 27)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 28)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 30)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 32)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 34)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 36)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 38)
+ "rjmp head40%="
+ "\n\t" // 2 -> head40 (next bit out)
+ "nextbyte40%=:"
+ "\n\t" // (T = 27)
+ "ldi %[bit] , 8"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit = 8 (T = 28)
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t" // 2 b = *ptr++ (T = 30)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 32)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 34)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 36)
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t" // 2 i-- (T = 38)
+ "brne head40%="
+ "\n" // 1-2 if(i != 0) -> (next byte)
+ : [port] "+e"(port), [byte] "+r"(b), [bit] "+r"(bit),
+ [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [ptr] "e"(ptr), [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo));
+ }
+#endif // NEO_KHZ400
+
+#else
+#error "CPU SPEED NOT SUPPORTED"
+#endif // end F_CPU ifdefs on __AVR__
+
+ // END AVR ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#elif defined(__arm__)
+
+ // ARM MCUs -- Teensy 3.0, 3.1, LC, Arduino Due, RP2040 -------------------
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040)
+ // Use PIO
+ rp2040Show(pixels, numBytes);
+
+#elif defined(TEENSYDUINO) && \
+ defined(KINETISK) // Teensy 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.5, 3.6
+#define CYCLES_800_T0H (F_CPU / 4000000)
+#define CYCLES_800_T1H (F_CPU / 1250000)
+#define CYCLES_800 (F_CPU / 800000)
+#define CYCLES_400_T0H (F_CPU / 2000000)
+#define CYCLES_400_T1H (F_CPU / 833333)
+#define CYCLES_400 (F_CPU / 400000)
+
+ uint8_t *p = pixels, *end = p + numBytes, pix, mask;
+ volatile uint8_t *set = portSetRegister(pin), *clr = portClearRegister(pin);
+ uint32_t cyc;
+
+ ARM_DEMCR |= ARM_DEMCR_TRCENA;
+ ARM_DWT_CTRL |= ARM_DWT_CTRL_CYCCNTENA;
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT + CYCLES_800;
+ while (p < end) {
+ pix = *p++;
+ for (mask = 0x80; mask; mask >>= 1) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800)
+ ;
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT;
+ *set = 1;
+ if (pix & mask) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800_T1H)
+ ;
+ } else {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800_T0H)
+ ;
+ }
+ *clr = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800)
+ ;
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 kHz bitstream
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT + CYCLES_400;
+ while (p < end) {
+ pix = *p++;
+ for (mask = 0x80; mask; mask >>= 1) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400)
+ ;
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT;
+ *set = 1;
+ if (pix & mask) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400_T1H)
+ ;
+ } else {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400_T0H)
+ ;
+ }
+ *clr = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400)
+ ;
+ }
+#endif // NEO_KHZ400
+
+#elif defined(TEENSYDUINO) && (defined(__IMXRT1052__) || defined(__IMXRT1062__))
+#define CYCLES_800_T0H (F_CPU_ACTUAL / 4000000)
+#define CYCLES_800_T1H (F_CPU_ACTUAL / 1250000)
+#define CYCLES_800 (F_CPU_ACTUAL / 800000)
+#define CYCLES_400_T0H (F_CPU_ACTUAL / 2000000)
+#define CYCLES_400_T1H (F_CPU_ACTUAL / 833333)
+#define CYCLES_400 (F_CPU_ACTUAL / 400000)
+
+ uint8_t *p = pixels, *end = p + numBytes, pix, mask;
+ volatile uint32_t *set = portSetRegister(pin),
+ *clr = portClearRegister(pin);
+ uint32_t cyc, msk = digitalPinToBitMask(pin);
+
+ ARM_DEMCR |= ARM_DEMCR_TRCENA;
+ ARM_DWT_CTRL |= ARM_DWT_CTRL_CYCCNTENA;
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT + CYCLES_800;
+ while (p < end) {
+ pix = *p++;
+ for (mask = 0x80; mask; mask >>= 1) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800)
+ ;
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT;
+ *set = msk;
+ if (pix & mask) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800_T1H)
+ ;
+ } else {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800_T0H)
+ ;
+ }
+ *clr = msk;
+ }
+ }
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800)
+ ;
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 kHz bitstream
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT + CYCLES_400;
+ while (p < end) {
+ pix = *p++;
+ for (mask = 0x80; mask; mask >>= 1) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400)
+ ;
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT;
+ *set = msk;
+ if (pix & mask) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400_T1H)
+ ;
+ } else {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400_T0H)
+ ;
+ }
+ *clr = msk;
+ }
+ }
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400)
+ ;
+ }
+#endif // NEO_KHZ400
+
+#elif defined(TEENSYDUINO) && defined(__MKL26Z64__) // Teensy-LC
+
+#if F_CPU == 48000000
+ uint8_t *p = pixels, pix, count, dly, bitmask = digitalPinToBitMask(pin);
+ volatile uint8_t *reg = portSetRegister(pin);
+ uint32_t num = numBytes;
+ asm volatile("L%=_begin:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ldrb %[pix], [%[p], #0]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "lsl %[pix], #24"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[count], #7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "lsl %[pix], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bcs L%=_loop_one"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop_zero:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #0]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #4"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop_delay_T0H:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_loop_delay_T0H"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #13"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop_delay_T0L:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_loop_delay_T0L"
+ "\n\t"
+ "b L%=_next"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop_one:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #0]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #13"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop_delay_T1H:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_loop_delay_T1H"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #4"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop_delay_T1L:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_loop_delay_T1L"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_next:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[count], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_loop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "lsl %[pix], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bcs L%=_last_one"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_last_zero:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #0]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #4"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_last_delay_T0H:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_last_delay_T0H"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #10"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_last_delay_T0L:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_last_delay_T0L"
+ "\n\t"
+ "b L%=_repeat"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_last_one:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #0]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #13"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_last_delay_T1H:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_last_delay_T1H"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_last_delay_T1L:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_last_delay_T1L"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_repeat:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "add %[p], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[num], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_begin"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_done:"
+ "\n\t"
+ : [p] "+r"(p), [pix] "=&r"(pix), [count] "=&r"(count),
+ [dly] "=&r"(dly), [num] "+r"(num)
+ : [bitmask] "r"(bitmask), [reg] "r"(reg));
+#else
+#error "Sorry, only 48 MHz is supported, please set Tools > CPU Speed to 48 MHz"
+#endif // F_CPU == 48000000
+
+ // Begin of support for nRF52 based boards -------------------------
+
+#elif defined(NRF52) || defined(NRF52_SERIES)
+// [[[Begin of the Neopixel NRF52 EasyDMA implementation
+// by the Hackerspace San Salvador]]]
+// This technique uses the PWM peripheral on the NRF52. The PWM uses the
+// EasyDMA feature included on the chip. This technique loads the duty
+// cycle configuration for each cycle when the PWM is enabled. For this
+// to work we need to store a 16 bit configuration for each bit of the
+// RGB(W) values in the pixel buffer.
+// Comparator values for the PWM were hand picked and are guaranteed to
+// be 100% organic to preserve freshness and high accuracy. Current
+// parameters are:
+// * PWM Clock: 16Mhz
+// * Minimum step time: 62.5ns
+// * Time for zero in high (T0H): 0.31ms
+// * Time for one in high (T1H): 0.75ms
+// * Cycle time: 1.25us
+// * Frequency: 800Khz
+// For 400Khz we just double the calculated times.
+// ---------- BEGIN Constants for the EasyDMA implementation -----------
+// The PWM starts the duty cycle in LOW. To start with HIGH we
+// need to set the 15th bit on each register.
+
+// WS2812 (rev A) timing is 0.35 and 0.7us
+// #define MAGIC_T0H 5UL | (0x8000) // 0.3125us
+// #define MAGIC_T1H 12UL | (0x8000) // 0.75us
+
+// WS2812B (rev B) timing is 0.4 and 0.8 us
+#define MAGIC_T0H 6UL | (0x8000) // 0.375us
+#define MAGIC_T1H 13UL | (0x8000) // 0.8125us
+
+// WS2811 (400 khz) timing is 0.5 and 1.2
+#define MAGIC_T0H_400KHz 8UL | (0x8000) // 0.5us
+#define MAGIC_T1H_400KHz 19UL | (0x8000) // 1.1875us
+
+// For 400Khz, we double value of CTOPVAL
+#define CTOPVAL 20UL // 1.25us
+#define CTOPVAL_400KHz 40UL // 2.5us
+
+// ---------- END Constants for the EasyDMA implementation -------------
+//
+// If there is no device available an alternative cycle-counter
+// implementation is tried.
+// The nRF52 runs with a fixed clock of 64Mhz. The alternative
+// implementation is the same as the one used for the Teensy 3.0/1/2 but
+// with the Nordic SDK HAL & registers syntax.
+// The number of cycles was hand picked and is guaranteed to be 100%
+// organic to preserve freshness and high accuracy.
+// ---------- BEGIN Constants for cycle counter implementation ---------
+#define CYCLES_800_T0H 18 // ~0.36 uS
+#define CYCLES_800_T1H 41 // ~0.76 uS
+#define CYCLES_800 71 // ~1.25 uS
+
+#define CYCLES_400_T0H 26 // ~0.50 uS
+#define CYCLES_400_T1H 70 // ~1.26 uS
+#define CYCLES_400 156 // ~2.50 uS
+ // ---------- END of Constants for cycle counter implementation --------
+
+ // To support both the SoftDevice + Neopixels we use the EasyDMA
+ // feature from the NRF25. However this technique implies to
+ // generate a pattern and store it on the memory. The actual
+ // memory used in bytes corresponds to the following formula:
+ // totalMem = numBytes*8*2+(2*2)
+ // The two additional bytes at the end are needed to reset the
+ // sequence.
+ //
+ // If there is not enough memory, we will fall back to cycle counter
+ // using DWT
+ uint32_t pattern_size =
+ numBytes * 8 * sizeof(uint16_t) + 2 * sizeof(uint16_t);
+ uint16_t *pixels_pattern = NULL;
+
+ NRF_PWM_Type *pwm = NULL;
+
+ // Try to find a free PWM device, which is not enabled
+ // and has no connected pins
+ NRF_PWM_Type *PWM[] = {NRF_PWM0, NRF_PWM1, NRF_PWM2
+#if defined(NRF_PWM3)
+ ,
+ NRF_PWM3
+#endif
+ };
+
+ for (unsigned int device = 0; device < (sizeof(PWM) / sizeof(PWM[0]));
+ device++) {
+ if ((PWM[device]->ENABLE == 0) &&
+ (PWM[device]->PSEL.OUT[0] & PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Msk) &&
+ (PWM[device]->PSEL.OUT[1] & PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Msk) &&
+ (PWM[device]->PSEL.OUT[2] & PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Msk) &&
+ (PWM[device]->PSEL.OUT[3] & PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Msk)) {
+ pwm = PWM[device];
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // only malloc if there is PWM device available
+ if (pwm != NULL) {
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NRF52_ADAFRUIT) // use thread-safe malloc
+ pixels_pattern = (uint16_t *)rtos_malloc(pattern_size);
+#else
+ pixels_pattern = (uint16_t *)malloc(pattern_size);
+#endif
+ }
+
+ // Use the identified device to choose the implementation
+ // If a PWM device is available use DMA
+ if ((pixels_pattern != NULL) && (pwm != NULL)) {
+ uint16_t pos = 0; // bit position
+
+ for (uint16_t n = 0; n < numBytes; n++) {
+ uint8_t pix = pixels[n];
+
+ for (uint8_t mask = 0x80; mask > 0; mask >>= 1) {
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ if (!is800KHz) {
+ pixels_pattern[pos] =
+ (pix & mask) ? MAGIC_T1H_400KHz : MAGIC_T0H_400KHz;
+ } else
+#endif
+ {
+ pixels_pattern[pos] = (pix & mask) ? MAGIC_T1H : MAGIC_T0H;
+ }
+
+ pos++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Zero padding to indicate the end of que sequence
+ pixels_pattern[pos++] = 0 | (0x8000); // Seq end
+ pixels_pattern[pos++] = 0 | (0x8000); // Seq end
+
+ // Set the wave mode to count UP
+ pwm->MODE = (PWM_MODE_UPDOWN_Up << PWM_MODE_UPDOWN_Pos);
+
+ // Set the PWM to use the 16MHz clock
+ pwm->PRESCALER =
+ (PWM_PRESCALER_PRESCALER_DIV_1 << PWM_PRESCALER_PRESCALER_Pos);
+
+ // Setting of the maximum count
+ // but keeping it on 16Mhz allows for more granularity just
+ // in case someone wants to do more fine-tuning of the timing.
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ if (!is800KHz) {
+ pwm->COUNTERTOP = (CTOPVAL_400KHz << PWM_COUNTERTOP_COUNTERTOP_Pos);
+ } else
+#endif
+ {
+ pwm->COUNTERTOP = (CTOPVAL << PWM_COUNTERTOP_COUNTERTOP_Pos);
+ }
+
+ // Disable loops, we want the sequence to repeat only once
+ pwm->LOOP = (PWM_LOOP_CNT_Disabled << PWM_LOOP_CNT_Pos);
+
+ // On the "Common" setting the PWM uses the same pattern for the
+ // for supported sequences. The pattern is stored on half-word
+ // of 16bits
+ pwm->DECODER = (PWM_DECODER_LOAD_Common << PWM_DECODER_LOAD_Pos) |
+ (PWM_DECODER_MODE_RefreshCount << PWM_DECODER_MODE_Pos);
+
+ // Pointer to the memory storing the patter
+ pwm->SEQ[0].PTR = (uint32_t)(pixels_pattern) << PWM_SEQ_PTR_PTR_Pos;
+
+ // Calculation of the number of steps loaded from memory.
+ pwm->SEQ[0].CNT = (pattern_size / sizeof(uint16_t))
+ << PWM_SEQ_CNT_CNT_Pos;
+
+ // The following settings are ignored with the current config.
+ pwm->SEQ[0].REFRESH = 0;
+ pwm->SEQ[0].ENDDELAY = 0;
+
+ // The Neopixel implementation is a blocking algorithm. DMA
+ // allows for non-blocking operation. To "simulate" a blocking
+ // operation we enable the interruption for the end of sequence
+ // and block the execution thread until the event flag is set by
+ // the peripheral.
+ // pwm->INTEN |= (PWM_INTEN_SEQEND0_Enabled<<PWM_INTEN_SEQEND0_Pos);
+
+// PSEL must be configured before enabling PWM
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_NRF52840)
+ pwm->PSEL.OUT[0] = g_APinDescription[pin].name;
+#else
+ pwm->PSEL.OUT[0] = g_ADigitalPinMap[pin];
+#endif
+
+ // Enable the PWM
+ pwm->ENABLE = 1;
+
+ // After all of this and many hours of reading the documentation
+ // we are ready to start the sequence...
+ pwm->EVENTS_SEQEND[0] = 0;
+ pwm->TASKS_SEQSTART[0] = 1;
+
+ // But we have to wait for the flag to be set.
+ while (!pwm->EVENTS_SEQEND[0]) {
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NRF52_ADAFRUIT) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_NRF52840)
+ yield();
+#endif
+ }
+
+ // Before leave we clear the flag for the event.
+ pwm->EVENTS_SEQEND[0] = 0;
+
+ // We need to disable the device and disconnect
+ // all the outputs before leave or the device will not
+ // be selected on the next call.
+ // TODO: Check if disabling the device causes performance issues.
+ pwm->ENABLE = 0;
+
+ pwm->PSEL.OUT[0] = 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NRF52_ADAFRUIT) // use thread-safe free
+ rtos_free(pixels_pattern);
+#else
+ free(pixels_pattern);
+#endif
+ } // End of DMA implementation
+ // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ else {
+#ifndef ARDUINO_ARCH_NRF52840
+// Fall back to DWT
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NRF52_ADAFRUIT)
+ // Bluefruit Feather 52 uses freeRTOS
+ // Critical Section is used since it does not block SoftDevice execution
+ taskENTER_CRITICAL();
+#elif defined(NRF52_DISABLE_INT)
+ // If you are using the Bluetooth SoftDevice we advise you to not
+ // disable the interrupts. Disabling the interrupts even for short
+ // periods of time causes the SoftDevice to stop working. Disable the
+ // interrupts only in cases where you need high performance for the LEDs
+ // and if you are not using the EasyDMA feature.
+ __disable_irq();
+#endif
+
+ NRF_GPIO_Type *nrf_port = (NRF_GPIO_Type *)digitalPinToPort(pin);
+ uint32_t pinMask = digitalPinToBitMask(pin);
+
+ uint32_t CYCLES_X00 = CYCLES_800;
+ uint32_t CYCLES_X00_T1H = CYCLES_800_T1H;
+ uint32_t CYCLES_X00_T0H = CYCLES_800_T0H;
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ if (!is800KHz) {
+ CYCLES_X00 = CYCLES_400;
+ CYCLES_X00_T1H = CYCLES_400_T1H;
+ CYCLES_X00_T0H = CYCLES_400_T0H;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ // Enable DWT in debug core
+ CoreDebug->DEMCR |= CoreDebug_DEMCR_TRCENA_Msk;
+ DWT->CTRL |= DWT_CTRL_CYCCNTENA_Msk;
+
+ // Tries to re-send the frame if is interrupted by the SoftDevice.
+ while (1) {
+ uint8_t *p = pixels;
+
+ uint32_t cycStart = DWT->CYCCNT;
+ uint32_t cyc = 0;
+
+ for (uint16_t n = 0; n < numBytes; n++) {
+ uint8_t pix = *p++;
+
+ for (uint8_t mask = 0x80; mask; mask >>= 1) {
+ while (DWT->CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_X00)
+ ;
+ cyc = DWT->CYCCNT;
+
+ nrf_port->OUTSET |= pinMask;
+
+ if (pix & mask) {
+ while (DWT->CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_X00_T1H)
+ ;
+ } else {
+ while (DWT->CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_X00_T0H)
+ ;
+ }
+
+ nrf_port->OUTCLR |= pinMask;
+ }
+ }
+ while (DWT->CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_X00)
+ ;
+
+ // If total time longer than 25%, resend the whole data.
+ // Since we are likely to be interrupted by SoftDevice
+ if ((DWT->CYCCNT - cycStart) <
+ (8 * numBytes * ((CYCLES_X00 * 5) / 4))) {
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // re-send need 300us delay
+ delayMicroseconds(300);
+ }
+
+// Enable interrupts again
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NRF52_ADAFRUIT)
+ taskEXIT_CRITICAL();
+#elif defined(NRF52_DISABLE_INT)
+ __enable_irq();
+#endif
+#endif
+ }
+ // END of NRF52 implementation
+
+#elif defined(__SAMD21E17A__) || defined(__SAMD21G18A__) || \
+ defined(__SAMD21E18A__) || defined(__SAMD21J18A__) || \
+ defined(__SAMD11C14A__) || defined(__SAMD21G17A__)
+ // Arduino Zero, Gemma/Trinket M0, SODAQ Autonomo
+ // and others
+ // Tried this with a timer/counter, couldn't quite get adequate
+ // resolution. So yay, you get a load of goofball NOPs...
+
+ uint8_t *ptr, *end, p, bitMask, portNum;
+ uint32_t pinMask;
+
+ portNum = g_APinDescription[pin].ulPort;
+ pinMask = 1ul << g_APinDescription[pin].ulPin;
+ ptr = pixels;
+ end = ptr + numBytes;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+
+ volatile uint32_t *set = &(PORT->Group[portNum].OUTSET.reg),
+ *clr = &(PORT->Group[portNum].OUTCLR.reg);
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ for (;;) {
+ *set = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if (p & bitMask) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ *clr = pinMask;
+ } else {
+ *clr = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ }
+ if (bitMask >>= 1) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ } else {
+ if (ptr >= end)
+ break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ for (;;) {
+ *set = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if (p & bitMask) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop;");
+ *clr = pinMask;
+ } else {
+ *clr = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop;");
+ }
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if (bitMask >>= 1) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ } else {
+ if (ptr >= end)
+ break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+#endif
+
+//----
+#elif defined(XMC1100_XMC2GO) || defined(XMC1400_XMC2GO) || \
+ defined(XMC1400_Arduino_Kit) || defined(XMC1100_H_BRIDGE2GO) || \
+ defined(XMC1100_Boot_Kit) || defined(XMC1300_Boot_Kit)
+
+ // XMC1100/1200/1300 with ARM Cortex M0 are running with 32MHz, XMC1400 runs
+ // with 48MHz so may not work Tried this with a timer/counter, couldn't
+ // quite get adequate resolution. So yay, you get a load of goofball
+ // NOPs...
+
+ uint8_t *ptr, *end, p, bitMask, portNum;
+ uint32_t pinMask;
+
+ ptr = pixels;
+ end = ptr + numBytes;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+
+ XMC_GPIO_PORT_t *XMC_port = mapping_port_pin[pin].port;
+ uint8_t XMC_pin = mapping_port_pin[pin].pin;
+
+ uint32_t omrhigh = (uint32_t)XMC_GPIO_OUTPUT_LEVEL_HIGH << XMC_pin;
+ uint32_t omrlow = (uint32_t)XMC_GPIO_OUTPUT_LEVEL_LOW << XMC_pin;
+
+#ifdef NEO_KHZ400 // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ for (;;) {
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrhigh;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if (p & bitMask) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop;");
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrlow;
+ } else {
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrlow;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop;");
+ }
+ if (bitMask >>= 1) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ } else {
+ if (ptr >= end)
+ break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+#ifdef NEO_KHZ400 // untested code
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ for (;;) {
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrhigh;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if (p & bitMask) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrlow;
+ } else {
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrlow;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ }
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if (bitMask >>= 1) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop;");
+ } else {
+ if (ptr >= end)
+ break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+#endif
+//----
+
+//----
+#elif defined(XMC4700_Relax_Kit) || defined(XMC4800_Relax_Kit)
+
+ // XMC4700 and XMC4800 with ARM Cortex M4 are running with 144MHz
+ // Tried this with a timer/counter, couldn't quite get adequate
+ // resolution. So yay, you get a load of goofball NOPs...
+
+ uint8_t *ptr, *end, p, bitMask, portNum;
+ uint32_t pinMask;
+
+ ptr = pixels;
+ end = ptr + numBytes;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+
+ XMC_GPIO_PORT_t *XMC_port = mapping_port_pin[pin].port;
+ uint8_t XMC_pin = mapping_port_pin[pin].pin;
+
+ uint32_t omrhigh = (uint32_t)XMC_GPIO_OUTPUT_LEVEL_HIGH << XMC_pin;
+ uint32_t omrlow = (uint32_t)XMC_GPIO_OUTPUT_LEVEL_LOW << XMC_pin;
+
+#ifdef NEO_KHZ400 // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+
+ for (;;) {
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrhigh;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if (p & bitMask) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrlow;
+ } else {
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrlow;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ }
+ if (bitMask >>= 1) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ } else {
+ if (ptr >= end)
+ break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+
+#ifdef NEO_KHZ400
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ // ToDo!
+ }
+#endif
+ //----
+
+#elif defined(__SAMD51__) // M4
+
+ uint8_t *ptr, *end, p, bitMask, portNum;
+ uint32_t pinMask;
+
+ portNum = g_APinDescription[pin].ulPort;
+ pinMask = 1ul << g_APinDescription[pin].ulPin;
+ ptr = pixels;
+ end = ptr + numBytes;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+
+ volatile uint32_t *set = &(PORT->Group[portNum].OUTSET.reg),
+ *clr = &(PORT->Group[portNum].OUTCLR.reg);
+
+ // SAMD51 overclock-compatible timing is only a mild abomination.
+ // It uses SysTick for a consistent clock reference regardless of
+ // optimization / cache settings. That's the good news. The bad news,
+ // since SysTick->VAL is a volatile type it's slow to access...and then,
+ // with the SysTick interval that Arduino sets up (1 ms), this would
+ // require a subtract and MOD operation for gauging elapsed time, and
+ // all taken in combination that lacks adequate temporal resolution
+ // for NeoPixel timing. So a kind of horrible thing is done here...
+ // since interrupts are turned off anyway and it's generally accepted
+ // by now that we're gonna lose track of time in the NeoPixel lib,
+ // the SysTick timer is reconfigured for a period matching the NeoPixel
+ // bit timing (either 800 or 400 KHz) and we watch SysTick->VAL very
+ // closely (just a threshold, no subtract or MOD or anything) and that
+ // seems to work just well enough. When finished, the SysTick
+ // peripheral is set back to its original state.
+
+ uint32_t t0, t1, top, ticks, saveLoad = SysTick->LOAD,
+ saveVal = SysTick->VAL;
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ top = (uint32_t)(F_CPU * 0.00000125); // Bit hi + lo = 1.25 uS
+ t0 = top - (uint32_t)(F_CPU * 0.00000040); // 0 = 0.4 uS hi
+ t1 = top - (uint32_t)(F_CPU * 0.00000080); // 1 = 0.8 uS hi
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ top = (uint32_t)(F_CPU * 0.00000250); // Bit hi + lo = 2.5 uS
+ t0 = top - (uint32_t)(F_CPU * 0.00000050); // 0 = 0.5 uS hi
+ t1 = top - (uint32_t)(F_CPU * 0.00000120); // 1 = 1.2 uS hi
+ }
+#endif
+
+ SysTick->LOAD = top; // Config SysTick for NeoPixel bit freq
+ SysTick->VAL = top; // Set to start value (counts down)
+ (void)SysTick->VAL; // Dummy read helps sync up 1st bit
+
+ for (;;) {
+ *set = pinMask; // Set output high
+ ticks = (p & bitMask) ? t1 : t0; // SysTick threshold,
+ while (SysTick->VAL > ticks)
+ ; // wait for it
+ *clr = pinMask; // Set output low
+ if (!(bitMask >>= 1)) { // Next bit for this byte...done?
+ if (ptr >= end)
+ break; // If last byte sent, exit loop
+ p = *ptr++; // Fetch next byte
+ bitMask = 0x80; // Reset bitmask
+ }
+ while (SysTick->VAL <= ticks)
+ ; // Wait for rollover to 'top'
+ }
+
+ SysTick->LOAD = saveLoad; // Restore SysTick rollover to 1 ms
+ SysTick->VAL = saveVal; // Restore SysTick value
+
+#elif defined(ARDUINO_STM32_FEATHER) // FEATHER WICED (120MHz)
+
+ // Tried this with a timer/counter, couldn't quite get adequate
+ // resolution. So yay, you get a load of goofball NOPs...
+
+ uint8_t *ptr, *end, p, bitMask;
+ uint32_t pinMask;
+
+ pinMask = BIT(PIN_MAP[pin].gpio_bit);
+ ptr = pixels;
+ end = ptr + numBytes;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+
+ volatile uint16_t *set = &(PIN_MAP[pin].gpio_device->regs->BSRRL);
+ volatile uint16_t *clr = &(PIN_MAP[pin].gpio_device->regs->BSRRH);
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ for (;;) {
+ if (p & bitMask) { // ONE
+ // High 800ns
+ *set = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ // Low 450ns
+ *clr = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ } else { // ZERO
+ // High 400ns
+ *set = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop;");
+ // Low 850ns
+ *clr = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ }
+ if (bitMask >>= 1) {
+ // Move on to the next pixel
+ asm("nop;");
+ } else {
+ if (ptr >= end)
+ break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ // ToDo!
+ }
+#endif
+
+#elif defined(TARGET_LPC1768)
+ uint8_t *ptr, *end, p, bitMask;
+ ptr = pixels;
+ end = ptr + numBytes;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ for (;;) {
+ if (p & bitMask) {
+ // data ONE high
+ // min: 550 typ: 700 max: 5,500
+ gpio_set(pin);
+ time::delay_ns(550);
+ // min: 450 typ: 600 max: 5,000
+ gpio_clear(pin);
+ time::delay_ns(450);
+ } else {
+ // data ZERO high
+ // min: 200 typ: 350 max: 500
+ gpio_set(pin);
+ time::delay_ns(200);
+ // data low
+ // min: 450 typ: 600 max: 5,000
+ gpio_clear(pin);
+ time::delay_ns(450);
+ }
+ if (bitMask >>= 1) {
+ // Move on to the next pixel
+ asm("nop;");
+ } else {
+ if (ptr >= end)
+ break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ // ToDo!
+ }
+#endif
+#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32) || \
+ defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ARDUINO_CORE_STM32) || defined(_PY32_DEF_)
+ uint8_t *p = pixels, *end = p + numBytes, pix = *p++, mask = 0x80;
+ uint32_t cyc;
+ uint32_t saveLoad = SysTick->LOAD, saveVal = SysTick->VAL;
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ uint32_t top = (F_CPU / 800000); // 1.25µs
+ uint32_t t0 = top - (F_CPU / 2500000); // 0.4µs
+ uint32_t t1 = top - (F_CPU / 1250000); // 0.8µs
+ SysTick->LOAD = top - 1; // Config SysTick for NeoPixel bit freq
+ SysTick->VAL = 0; // Set to start value
+ for (;;) {
+ LL_GPIO_SetOutputPin(gpioPort, gpioPin);
+ cyc = (pix & mask) ? t1 : t0;
+ while (SysTick->VAL > cyc)
+ ;
+ LL_GPIO_ResetOutputPin(gpioPort, gpioPin);
+ if (!(mask >>= 1)) {
+ if (p >= end)
+ break;
+ pix = *p++;
+ mask = 0x80;
+ }
+ while (SysTick->VAL <= cyc)
+ ;
+ }
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 kHz bitstream
+ uint32_t top = (F_CPU / 400000); // 2.5µs
+ uint32_t t0 = top - (F_CPU / 2000000); // 0.5µs
+ uint32_t t1 = top - (F_CPU / 833333); // 1.2µs
+ SysTick->LOAD = top - 1; // Config SysTick for NeoPixel bit freq
+ SysTick->VAL = 0; // Set to start value
+ for (;;) {
+ LL_GPIO_SetOutputPin(gpioPort, gpioPin);
+ cyc = (pix & mask) ? t1 : t0;
+ while (SysTick->VAL > cyc)
+ ;
+ LL_GPIO_ResetOutputPin(gpioPort, gpioPin);
+ if (!(mask >>= 1)) {
+ if (p >= end)
+ break;
+ pix = *p++;
+ mask = 0x80;
+ }
+ while (SysTick->VAL <= cyc)
+ ;
+ }
+ }
+#endif // NEO_KHZ400
+ SysTick->LOAD = saveLoad; // Restore SysTick rollover to 1 ms
+ SysTick->VAL = saveVal; // Restore SysTick value
+#elif defined(NRF51)
+ uint8_t *p = pixels, pix, count, mask;
+ int32_t num = numBytes;
+ unsigned int bitmask = (1 << g_ADigitalPinMap[pin]);
+ // https://github.com/sandeepmistry/arduino-nRF5/blob/dc53980c8bac27898fca90d8ecb268e11111edc1/variants/BBCmicrobit/variant.cpp
+
+ // volatile unsigned int *reg = (unsigned int *)(0x50000000UL + 0x508);
+ volatile uint32_t *reg =
+ (uint32_t *)(NRF_GPIO_BASE + offsetof(NRF_GPIO_Type, OUTSET));
+
+ // https://github.com/sandeepmistry/arduino-nRF5/blob/dc53980c8bac27898fca90d8ecb268e11111edc1/cores/nRF5/SDK/components/device/nrf51.h
+ // http://www.iot-programmer.com/index.php/books/27-micro-bit-iot-in-c/chapters-micro-bit-iot-in-c/47-micro-bit-iot-in-c-fast-memory-mapped-gpio?showall=1
+ // https://github.com/Microsoft/pxt-neopixel/blob/master/sendbuffer.asm
+
+ asm volatile(
+ // "cpsid i" ; disable irq
+
+ // b .start
+ "b L%=_start"
+ "\n\t"
+ // .nextbit: ; C0
+ "L%=_nextbit:"
+ "\n\t" //; C0
+ // str r1, [r3, #0] ; pin := hi C2
+ "str %[bitmask], [%[reg], #0]"
+ "\n\t" //; pin := hi C2
+ // tst r6, r0 ; C3
+ "tst %[mask], %[pix]"
+ "\n\t" // ; C3
+ // bne .islate ; C4
+ "bne L%=_islate"
+ "\n\t" //; C4
+ // str r1, [r2, #0] ; pin := lo C6
+ "str %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t" //; pin := lo C6
+ // .islate:
+ "L%=_islate:"
+ "\n\t"
+ // lsrs r6, r6, #1 ; r6 >>= 1 C7
+ "lsr %[mask], %[mask], #1"
+ "\n\t" //; r6 >>= 1 C7
+ // bne .justbit ; C8
+ "bne L%=_justbit"
+ "\n\t" //; C8
+
+ // ; not just a bit - need new byte
+ // adds r4, #1 ; r4++ C9
+ "add %[p], #1"
+ "\n\t" //; r4++ C9
+ // subs r5, #1 ; r5-- C10
+ "sub %[num], #1"
+ "\n\t" //; r5-- C10
+ // bcc .stop ; if (r5<0) goto .stop C11
+ "bcc L%=_stop"
+ "\n\t" //; if (r5<0) goto .stop C11
+ // .start:
+ "L%=_start:"
+ // movs r6, #0x80 ; reset mask C12
+ "movs %[mask], #0x80"
+ "\n\t" //; reset mask C12
+ // nop ; C13
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" //; C13
+
+ // .common: ; C13
+ "L%=_common:"
+ "\n\t" //; C13
+ // str r1, [r2, #0] ; pin := lo C15
+ "str %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t" //; pin := lo C15
+ // ; always re-load byte - it just fits with the cycles better this
+ // way ldrb r0, [r4, #0] ; r0 := *r4 C17
+ "ldrb %[pix], [%[p], #0]"
+ "\n\t" //; r0 := *r4 C17
+ // b .nextbit ; C20
+ "b L%=_nextbit"
+ "\n\t" //; C20
+
+ // .justbit: ; C10
+ "L%=_justbit:"
+ "\n\t" //; C10
+ // ; no nops, branch taken is already 3 cycles
+ // b .common ; C13
+ "b L%=_common"
+ "\n\t" //; C13
+
+ // .stop:
+ "L%=_stop:"
+ "\n\t"
+ // str r1, [r2, #0] ; pin := lo
+ "str %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t" //; pin := lo
+ // cpsie i ; enable irq
+
+ : [p] "+r"(p), [pix] "=&r"(pix), [count] "=&r"(count),
+ [mask] "=&r"(mask), [num] "+r"(num)
+ : [bitmask] "r"(bitmask), [reg] "r"(reg));
+
+#elif defined(__SAM3X8E__) // Arduino Due
+
+#define SCALE VARIANT_MCK / 2UL / 1000000UL
+#define INST (2UL * F_CPU / VARIANT_MCK)
+#define TIME_800_0 ((int)(0.40 * SCALE + 0.5) - (5 * INST))
+#define TIME_800_1 ((int)(0.80 * SCALE + 0.5) - (5 * INST))
+#define PERIOD_800 ((int)(1.25 * SCALE + 0.5) - (5 * INST))
+#define TIME_400_0 ((int)(0.50 * SCALE + 0.5) - (5 * INST))
+#define TIME_400_1 ((int)(1.20 * SCALE + 0.5) - (5 * INST))
+#define PERIOD_400 ((int)(2.50 * SCALE + 0.5) - (5 * INST))
+
+ int pinMask, time0, time1, period, t;
+ Pio *port;
+ volatile WoReg *portSet, *portClear, *timeValue, *timeReset;
+ uint8_t *p, *end, pix, mask;
+
+ pmc_set_writeprotect(false);
+ pmc_enable_periph_clk((uint32_t)TC3_IRQn);
+ TC_Configure(TC1, 0,
+ TC_CMR_WAVE | TC_CMR_WAVSEL_UP | TC_CMR_TCCLKS_TIMER_CLOCK1);
+ TC_Start(TC1, 0);
+
+ pinMask = g_APinDescription[pin].ulPin; // Don't 'optimize' these into
+ port = g_APinDescription[pin].pPort; // declarations above. Want to
+ portSet = &(port->PIO_SODR); // burn a few cycles after
+ portClear = &(port->PIO_CODR); // starting timer to minimize
+ timeValue = &(TC1->TC_CHANNEL[0].TC_CV); // the initial 'while'.
+ timeReset = &(TC1->TC_CHANNEL[0].TC_CCR);
+ p = pixels;
+ end = p + numBytes;
+ pix = *p++;
+ mask = 0x80;
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ time0 = TIME_800_0;
+ time1 = TIME_800_1;
+ period = PERIOD_800;
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ time0 = TIME_400_0;
+ time1 = TIME_400_1;
+ period = PERIOD_400;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ for (t = time0;; t = time0) {
+ if (pix & mask)
+ t = time1;
+ while (*timeValue < (unsigned)period)
+ ;
+ *portSet = pinMask;
+ *timeReset = TC_CCR_CLKEN | TC_CCR_SWTRG;
+ while (*timeValue < (unsigned)t)
+ ;
+ *portClear = pinMask;
+ if (!(mask >>= 1)) { // This 'inside-out' loop logic utilizes
+ if (p >= end)
+ break; // idle time to minimize inter-byte delays.
+ pix = *p++;
+ mask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+ while (*timeValue < (unsigned)period)
+ ; // Wait for last bit
+ TC_Stop(TC1, 0);
+
+// RENESAS including Arduino UNO R4 + STM32H7 Arduino Portenta H7 (Dual Core
+// M7+M4) / Arduino Giga R1
+#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RENESAS) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RENESAS_UNO) || \
+ defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RENESAS_PORTENTA) || \
+ defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_PORTENTA) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_GIGA)
+
+// Definition for a single channel clockless controller for RA4M1 (Cortex M4)
+// See clockless.h for detailed info on how the template parameters are used.
+#define ARM_DEMCR \
+ (*(volatile uint32_t *)0xE000EDFC) // Debug Exception and Monitor Control
+#define ARM_DEMCR_TRCENA (1 << 24) // Enable debugging & monitoring blocks
+#define ARM_DWT_CTRL (*(volatile uint32_t *)0xE0001000) // DWT control register
+#define ARM_DWT_CTRL_CYCCNTENA (1 << 0) // Enable cycle count
+#define ARM_DWT_CYCCNT \
+ (*(volatile uint32_t *)0xE0001004) // Cycle count register
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_PORTENTA_H7_M7) || \
+ (defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_GIGA) && defined(TARGET_M7))
+#define F_CPU 480000000
+#elif defined(ARDUINO_PORTENTA_H7_M4) || \
+ (defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_GIGA) && defined(TARGET_M4))
+#define F_CPU 240000000
+#else
+#define F_CPU 48000000
+#endif
+#define CYCLES_800_T0H (F_CPU / 4000000)
+#define CYCLES_800_T1H (F_CPU / 1250000)
+#define CYCLES_800 (F_CPU / 800000)
+#define CYCLES_400_T0H (F_CPU / 2000000)
+#define CYCLES_400_T1H (F_CPU / 833333)
+#define CYCLES_400 (F_CPU / 400000)
+
+ uint8_t *p = pixels, *end = p + numBytes, pix, mask;
+
+// --- Platform-specific Pin Setup ---
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_PORTENTA) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_GIGA)
+ // Convert the Arduino pin number to an mbed PinName.
+ mbed::DigitalOut dout(digitalPinToPinName(pin));
+#else
+ bsp_io_port_pin_t io_pin = g_pin_cfg[pin].pin;
+// Macro to calculate the port base address for the given pin
+#define PIN_IO_PORT_ADDR(pn) \
+ (R_PORT0 + ((uint32_t)(R_PORT1 - R_PORT0) * ((pn) >> 8u)))
+
+ volatile uint16_t *set = &(PIN_IO_PORT_ADDR(io_pin)->POSR);
+ volatile uint16_t *clr = &(PIN_IO_PORT_ADDR(io_pin)->PORR);
+ uint16_t msk = (1U << (io_pin & 0xFF));
+#endif
+
+ uint32_t cyc;
+
+ // Enable the cycle counter: ARM registers for precise timing.
+ ARM_DEMCR |= ARM_DEMCR_TRCENA;
+ ARM_DWT_CTRL |= ARM_DWT_CTRL_CYCCNTENA;
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT + CYCLES_800;
+ while (p < end) {
+ pix = *p++;
+ for (mask = 0x80; mask; mask >>= 1) {
+ // Wait until the beginning of the next bit period.
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800)
+ ;
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT;
+ // Set the pin high:
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_PORTENTA) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_GIGA)
+ dout = 1;
+#else
+ *set = msk;
+#endif
+ // Keep the pin high for T1H or T0H depending on the data bit:
+ if (pix & mask) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800_T1H)
+ ;
+ } else {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800_T0H)
+ ;
+ }
+ // Set the pin low:
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_PORTENTA) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_GIGA)
+ dout = 0;
+#else
+ *clr = msk;
+#endif
+ }
+ }
+ // Ensure the final low state lasts the full period.
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800)
+ ;
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 kHz bitstream
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT + CYCLES_400;
+ while (p < end) {
+ pix = *p++;
+ for (mask = 0x80; mask; mask >>= 1) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400)
+ ;
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT;
+ // Set the pin high:
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_PORTENTA) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_GIGA)
+ dout = 1;
+#else
+ *set = msk;
+#endif
+ if (pix & mask) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400_T1H)
+ ;
+ } else {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400_T0H)
+ ;
+ }
+ // Set the pin low:
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_PORTENTA) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_GIGA)
+ dout = 0;
+#else
+ *clr = msk;
+#endif
+ }
+ }
+ // Ensure the final low state lasts the full period.
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400)
+ ;
+ }
+#endif // NEO_KHZ400
+
+#endif // ARM
+
+ // END ARM ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#elif defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
+
+ // ESP8266 ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ // ESP8266 show() is external to enforce ICACHE_RAM_ATTR execution
+ espShow(pin, pixels, numBytes, is800KHz);
+
+#elif defined(KENDRYTE_K210)
+
+ k210Show(pin, pixels, numBytes, is800KHz);
+
+#elif defined(__ARDUINO_ARC__)
+
+ // Arduino 101 -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define NOPx7 \
+ { \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ }
+
+ PinDescription *pindesc = &g_APinDescription[pin];
+ register uint32_t loop =
+ 8 * numBytes; // one loop to handle all bytes and all bits
+ register uint8_t *p = pixels;
+ register uint32_t currByte = (uint32_t)(*p);
+ register uint32_t currBit = 0x80 & currByte;
+ register uint32_t bitCounter = 0;
+ register uint32_t first = 1;
+
+ // The loop is unusual. Very first iteration puts all the way LOW to the
+ // wire
+ // - constant LOW does not affect NEOPIXEL, so there is no visible effect
+ // displayed. During that very first iteration CPU caches instructions in
+ // the loop. Because of the caching process, "CPU slows down". NEOPIXEL
+ // pulse is very time sensitive that's why we let the CPU cache first and we
+ // start regular pulse from 2nd iteration
+ if (pindesc->ulGPIOType == SS_GPIO) {
+ register uint32_t reg = pindesc->ulGPIOBase + SS_GPIO_SWPORTA_DR;
+ uint32_t reg_val = __builtin_arc_lr((volatile uint32_t)reg);
+ register uint32_t reg_bit_high = reg_val | (1 << pindesc->ulGPIOId);
+ register uint32_t reg_bit_low = reg_val & ~(1 << pindesc->ulGPIOId);
+
+ loop += 1; // include first, special iteration
+ while (loop--) {
+ if (!first) {
+ currByte <<= 1;
+ bitCounter++;
+ }
+
+ // 1 is >550ns high and >450ns low; 0 is 200..500ns high and >450ns
+ // low
+ __builtin_arc_sr(first ? reg_bit_low : reg_bit_high,
+ (volatile uint32_t)reg);
+ if (currBit) { // ~400ns HIGH (740ns overall)
+ NOPx7 NOPx7
+ }
+ // ~340ns HIGH
+ NOPx7 __builtin_arc_nop();
+
+ // 820ns LOW; per spec, max allowed low here is 5000ns */
+ __builtin_arc_sr(reg_bit_low, (volatile uint32_t)reg);
+ NOPx7 NOPx7
+
+ if (bitCounter >= 8) {
+ bitCounter = 0;
+ currByte = (uint32_t)(*++p);
+ }
+
+ currBit = 0x80 & currByte;
+ first = 0;
+ }
+ } else if (pindesc->ulGPIOType == SOC_GPIO) {
+ register uint32_t reg = pindesc->ulGPIOBase + SOC_GPIO_SWPORTA_DR;
+ uint32_t reg_val = MMIO_REG_VAL(reg);
+ register uint32_t reg_bit_high = reg_val | (1 << pindesc->ulGPIOId);
+ register uint32_t reg_bit_low = reg_val & ~(1 << pindesc->ulGPIOId);
+
+ loop += 1; // include first, special iteration
+ while (loop--) {
+ if (!first) {
+ currByte <<= 1;
+ bitCounter++;
+ }
+ MMIO_REG_VAL(reg) = first ? reg_bit_low : reg_bit_high;
+ if (currBit) { // ~430ns HIGH (740ns overall)
+ NOPx7 NOPx7 __builtin_arc_nop();
+ }
+ // ~310ns HIGH
+ NOPx7
+
+ // 850ns LOW; per spec, max allowed low here is 5000ns */
+ MMIO_REG_VAL(reg) = reg_bit_low;
+ NOPx7 NOPx7
+
+ if (bitCounter >= 8) {
+ bitCounter = 0;
+ currByte = (uint32_t)(*++p);
+ }
+
+ currBit = 0x80 & currByte;
+ first = 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_CH32)
+ ch32Show(gpioPort, gpioPin, pixels, numBytes, is800KHz);
+#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040) && defined(__riscv)
+ rp2040Show(pixels, numBytes); // Use PIO
+#else
+#error Architecture not supported
+#endif
+
+ // END ARCHITECTURE SELECT ------------------------------------------------
+
+#if !(defined(NRF52) || defined(NRF52_SERIES) || defined(ESP32))
+ interrupts();
+#endif
+
+ endTime = micros(); // Save EOD time for latch on next call
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Set/change the NeoPixel output pin number. Previous pin,
+ if any, is set to INPUT and the new pin is set to OUTPUT.
+ @param p Arduino pin number (-1 = no pin).
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::setPin(int16_t p) {
+ if (begun && (pin >= 0))
+ pinMode(pin, INPUT); // Disable existing out pin
+ pin = p;
+ if (begun) {
+ pinMode(p, OUTPUT);
+ digitalWrite(p, LOW);
+ }
+#if defined(__AVR__)
+ port = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(p));
+ pinMask = digitalPinToBitMask(p);
+#endif
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ARDUINO_CORE_STM32)
+ gpioPort = digitalPinToPort(p);
+ gpioPin = STM_LL_GPIO_PIN(digitalPinToPinName(p));
+#elif defined(_PY32_DEF_)
+ gpioPort = digitalPinToPort(p);
+ gpioPin = PY32_LL_GPIO_PIN(digitalPinToPinName(p));
+#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_CH32)
+ PinName const pin_name = digitalPinToPinName(pin);
+ gpioPort = get_GPIO_Port(CH_PORT(pin_name));
+ gpioPin = CH_GPIO_PIN(pin_name);
+#if defined(CH32V20x_D6)
+ if (gpioPort == GPIOC &&
+ ((*(volatile uint32_t *)0x40022030) & 0x0F000000) == 0) {
+ gpioPin = gpioPin >> 13;
+ }
+#endif
+#endif
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Set a pixel's color using separate red, green and blue
+ components. If using RGBW pixels, white will be set to 0.
+ @param n Pixel index, starting from 0.
+ @param r Red brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+ @param g Green brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+ @param b Blue brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::setPixelColor(uint16_t n, uint8_t r, uint8_t g,
+ uint8_t b) {
+
+ if (n < numLEDs) {
+ if (brightness) { // See notes in setBrightness()
+ r = (r * brightness) >> 8;
+ g = (g * brightness) >> 8;
+ b = (b * brightness) >> 8;
+ }
+ uint8_t *p;
+ if (wOffset == rOffset) { // Is an RGB-type strip
+ p = &pixels[n * 3]; // 3 bytes per pixel
+ } else { // Is a WRGB-type strip
+ p = &pixels[n * 4]; // 4 bytes per pixel
+ p[wOffset] = 0; // But only R,G,B passed -- set W to 0
+ }
+ p[rOffset] = r; // R,G,B always stored
+ p[gOffset] = g;
+ p[bOffset] = b;
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Set a pixel's color using separate red, green, blue and white
+ components (for RGBW NeoPixels only).
+ @param n Pixel index, starting from 0.
+ @param r Red brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+ @param g Green brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+ @param b Blue brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+ @param w White brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum, ignored
+ if using RGB pixels.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::setPixelColor(uint16_t n, uint8_t r, uint8_t g,
+ uint8_t b, uint8_t w) {
+
+ if (n < numLEDs) {
+ if (brightness) { // See notes in setBrightness()
+ r = (r * brightness) >> 8;
+ g = (g * brightness) >> 8;
+ b = (b * brightness) >> 8;
+ w = (w * brightness) >> 8;
+ }
+ uint8_t *p;
+ if (wOffset == rOffset) { // Is an RGB-type strip
+ p = &pixels[n * 3]; // 3 bytes per pixel (ignore W)
+ } else { // Is a WRGB-type strip
+ p = &pixels[n * 4]; // 4 bytes per pixel
+ p[wOffset] = w; // Store W
+ }
+ p[rOffset] = r; // Store R,G,B
+ p[gOffset] = g;
+ p[bOffset] = b;
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Set a pixel's color using a 32-bit 'packed' RGB or RGBW value.
+ @param n Pixel index, starting from 0.
+ @param c 32-bit color value. Most significant byte is white (for RGBW
+ pixels) or ignored (for RGB pixels), next is red, then green,
+ and least significant byte is blue.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::setPixelColor(uint16_t n, uint32_t c) {
+ if (n < numLEDs) {
+ uint8_t *p, r = (uint8_t)(c >> 16), g = (uint8_t)(c >> 8),
+ b = (uint8_t)c;
+ if (brightness) { // See notes in setBrightness()
+ r = (r * brightness) >> 8;
+ g = (g * brightness) >> 8;
+ b = (b * brightness) >> 8;
+ }
+ if (wOffset == rOffset) {
+ p = &pixels[n * 3];
+ } else {
+ p = &pixels[n * 4];
+ uint8_t w = (uint8_t)(c >> 24);
+ p[wOffset] = brightness ? ((w * brightness) >> 8) : w;
+ }
+ p[rOffset] = r;
+ p[gOffset] = g;
+ p[bOffset] = b;
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Fill all or part of the NeoPixel strip with a color.
+ @param c 32-bit color value. Most significant byte is white (for
+ RGBW pixels) or ignored (for RGB pixels), next is red,
+ then green, and least significant byte is blue. If all
+ arguments are unspecified, this will be 0 (off).
+ @param first Index of first pixel to fill, starting from 0. Must be
+ in-bounds, no clipping is performed. 0 if unspecified.
+ @param count Number of pixels to fill, as a positive value. Passing
+ 0 or leaving unspecified will fill to end of strip.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::fill(uint32_t c, uint16_t first, uint16_t count) {
+ uint16_t i, end;
+
+ if (first >= numLEDs) {
+ return; // If first LED is past end of strip, nothing to do
+ }
+
+ // Calculate the index ONE AFTER the last pixel to fill
+ if (count == 0) {
+ // Fill to end of strip
+ end = numLEDs;
+ } else {
+ // Ensure that the loop won't go past the last pixel
+ end = first + count;
+ if (end > numLEDs)
+ end = numLEDs;
+ }
+
+ for (i = first; i < end; i++) {
+ this->setPixelColor(i, c);
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Convert hue, saturation and value into a packed 32-bit RGB color
+ that can be passed to setPixelColor() or other RGB-compatible
+ functions.
+ @param hue An unsigned 16-bit value, 0 to 65535, representing one full
+ loop of the color wheel, which allows 16-bit hues to "roll
+ over" while still doing the expected thing (and allowing
+ more precision than the wheel() function that was common to
+ prior NeoPixel examples).
+ @param sat Saturation, 8-bit value, 0 (min or pure grayscale) to 255
+ (max or pure hue). Default of 255 if unspecified.
+ @param val Value (brightness), 8-bit value, 0 (min / black / off) to
+ 255 (max or full brightness). Default of 255 if unspecified.
+ @return Packed 32-bit RGB with the most significant byte set to 0 -- the
+ white element of WRGB pixels is NOT utilized. Result is linearly
+ but not perceptually correct, so you may want to pass the result
+ through the gamma32() function (or your own gamma-correction
+ operation) else colors may appear washed out. This is not done
+ automatically by this function because coders may desire a more
+ refined gamma-correction function than the simplified
+ one-size-fits-all operation of gamma32(). Diffusing the LEDs also
+ really seems to help when using low-saturation colors.
+*/
+uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel::ColorHSV(uint16_t hue, uint8_t sat, uint8_t val) {
+
+ uint8_t r, g, b;
+
+ // Remap 0-65535 to 0-1529. Pure red is CENTERED on the 64K rollover;
+ // 0 is not the start of pure red, but the midpoint...a few values above
+ // zero and a few below 65536 all yield pure red (similarly, 32768 is the
+ // midpoint, not start, of pure cyan). The 8-bit RGB hexcone (256 values
+ // each for red, green, blue) really only allows for 1530 distinct hues
+ // (not 1536, more on that below), but the full unsigned 16-bit type was
+ // chosen for hue so that one's code can easily handle a contiguous color
+ // wheel by allowing hue to roll over in either direction.
+ hue = (hue * 1530L + 32768) / 65536;
+ // Because red is centered on the rollover point (the +32768 above,
+ // essentially a fixed-point +0.5), the above actually yields 0 to 1530,
+ // where 0 and 1530 would yield the same thing. Rather than apply a
+ // costly modulo operator, 1530 is handled as a special case below.
+
+ // So you'd think that the color "hexcone" (the thing that ramps from
+ // pure red, to pure yellow, to pure green and so forth back to red,
+ // yielding six slices), and with each color component having 256
+ // possible values (0-255), might have 1536 possible items (6*256),
+ // but in reality there's 1530. This is because the last element in
+ // each 256-element slice is equal to the first element of the next
+ // slice, and keeping those in there this would create small
+ // discontinuities in the color wheel. So the last element of each
+ // slice is dropped...we regard only elements 0-254, with item 255
+ // being picked up as element 0 of the next slice. Like this:
+ // Red to not-quite-pure-yellow is: 255, 0, 0 to 255, 254, 0
+ // Pure yellow to not-quite-pure-green is: 255, 255, 0 to 1, 255, 0
+ // Pure green to not-quite-pure-cyan is: 0, 255, 0 to 0, 255, 254
+ // and so forth. Hence, 1530 distinct hues (0 to 1529), and hence why
+ // the constants below are not the multiples of 256 you might expect.
+
+ // Convert hue to R,G,B (nested ifs faster than divide+mod+switch):
+ if (hue < 510) { // Red to Green-1
+ b = 0;
+ if (hue < 255) { // Red to Yellow-1
+ r = 255;
+ g = hue; // g = 0 to 254
+ } else { // Yellow to Green-1
+ r = 510 - hue; // r = 255 to 1
+ g = 255;
+ }
+ } else if (hue < 1020) { // Green to Blue-1
+ r = 0;
+ if (hue < 765) { // Green to Cyan-1
+ g = 255;
+ b = hue - 510; // b = 0 to 254
+ } else { // Cyan to Blue-1
+ g = 1020 - hue; // g = 255 to 1
+ b = 255;
+ }
+ } else if (hue < 1530) { // Blue to Red-1
+ g = 0;
+ if (hue < 1275) { // Blue to Magenta-1
+ r = hue - 1020; // r = 0 to 254
+ b = 255;
+ } else { // Magenta to Red-1
+ r = 255;
+ b = 1530 - hue; // b = 255 to 1
+ }
+ } else { // Last 0.5 Red (quicker than % operator)
+ r = 255;
+ g = b = 0;
+ }
+
+ // Apply saturation and value to R,G,B, pack into 32-bit result:
+ uint32_t v1 = 1 + val; // 1 to 256; allows >>8 instead of /255
+ uint16_t s1 = 1 + sat; // 1 to 256; same reason
+ uint8_t s2 = 255 - sat; // 255 to 0
+ return ((((((r * s1) >> 8) + s2) * v1) & 0xff00) << 8) |
+ (((((g * s1) >> 8) + s2) * v1) & 0xff00) |
+ (((((b * s1) >> 8) + s2) * v1) >> 8);
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Query the color of a previously-set pixel.
+ @param n Index of pixel to read (0 = first).
+ @return 'Packed' 32-bit RGB or WRGB value. Most significant byte is white
+ (for RGBW pixels) or 0 (for RGB pixels), next is red, then green,
+ and least significant byte is blue.
+ @note If the strip brightness has been changed from the default value
+ of 255, the color read from a pixel may not exactly match what
+ was previously written with one of the setPixelColor() functions.
+ This gets more pronounced at lower brightness levels.
+*/
+uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel::getPixelColor(uint16_t n) const {
+ if (n >= numLEDs)
+ return 0; // Out of bounds, return no color.
+
+ uint8_t *p;
+
+ if (wOffset == rOffset) { // Is RGB-type device
+ p = &pixels[n * 3];
+ if (brightness) {
+ // Stored color was decimated by setBrightness(). Returned value
+ // attempts to scale back to an approximation of the original 24-bit
+ // value used when setting the pixel color, but there will always be
+ // some error -- those bits are simply gone. Issue is most
+ // pronounced at low brightness levels.
+ return (((uint32_t)(p[rOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 16) |
+ (((uint32_t)(p[gOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 8) |
+ ((uint32_t)(p[bOffset] << 8) / brightness);
+ } else {
+ // No brightness adjustment has been made -- return 'raw' color
+ return ((uint32_t)p[rOffset] << 16) | ((uint32_t)p[gOffset] << 8) |
+ (uint32_t)p[bOffset];
+ }
+ } else { // Is RGBW-type device
+ p = &pixels[n * 4];
+ if (brightness) { // Return scaled color
+ return (((uint32_t)(p[wOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 24) |
+ (((uint32_t)(p[rOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 16) |
+ (((uint32_t)(p[gOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 8) |
+ ((uint32_t)(p[bOffset] << 8) / brightness);
+ } else { // Return raw color
+ return ((uint32_t)p[wOffset] << 24) | ((uint32_t)p[rOffset] << 16) |
+ ((uint32_t)p[gOffset] << 8) | (uint32_t)p[bOffset];
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Adjust output brightness. Does not immediately affect what's
+ currently displayed on the LEDs. The next call to show() will
+ refresh the LEDs at this level.
+ @param b Brightness setting, 0=minimum (off), 255=brightest.
+ @note This was intended for one-time use in one's setup() function,
+ not as an animation effect in itself. Because of the way this
+ library "pre-multiplies" LED colors in RAM, changing the
+ brightness is often a "lossy" operation -- what you write to
+ pixels isn't necessary the same as what you'll read back.
+ Repeated brightness changes using this function exacerbate the
+ problem. Smart programs therefore treat the strip as a
+ write-only resource, maintaining their own state to render each
+ frame of an animation, not relying on read-modify-write.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::setBrightness(uint8_t b) {
+ // Stored brightness value is different than what's passed.
+ // This simplifies the actual scaling math later, allowing a fast
+ // 8x8-bit multiply and taking the MSB. 'brightness' is a uint8_t,
+ // adding 1 here may (intentionally) roll over...so 0 = max brightness
+ // (color values are interpreted literally; no scaling), 1 = min
+ // brightness (off), 255 = just below max brightness.
+ uint8_t newBrightness = b + 1;
+ if (newBrightness != brightness) { // Compare against prior value
+ // Brightness has changed -- re-scale existing data in RAM,
+ // This process is potentially "lossy," especially when increasing
+ // brightness. The tight timing in the WS2811/WS2812 code means there
+ // aren't enough free cycles to perform this scaling on the fly as data
+ // is issued. So we make a pass through the existing color data in RAM
+ // and scale it (subsequent graphics commands also work at this
+ // brightness level). If there's a significant step up in brightness,
+ // the limited number of steps (quantization) in the old data will be
+ // quite visible in the re-scaled version. For a non-destructive
+ // change, you'll need to re-render the full strip data. C'est la vie.
+ uint8_t c,
+ *ptr = pixels,
+ oldBrightness = brightness - 1; // De-wrap old brightness value
+ uint16_t scale;
+ if (oldBrightness == 0)
+ scale = 0; // Avoid /0
+ else if (b == 255)
+ scale = 65535 / oldBrightness;
+ else
+ scale = (((uint16_t)newBrightness << 8) - 1) / oldBrightness;
+ for (uint16_t i = 0; i < numBytes; i++) {
+ c = *ptr;
+ *ptr++ = (c * scale) >> 8;
+ }
+ brightness = newBrightness;
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Retrieve the last-set brightness value for the strip.
+ @return Brightness value: 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+*/
+uint8_t Adafruit_NeoPixel::getBrightness(void) const { return brightness - 1; }
+
+/*!
+ @brief Fill the whole NeoPixel strip with 0 / black / off.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::clear(void) { memset(pixels, 0, numBytes); }
+
+// A 32-bit variant of gamma8() that applies the same function
+// to all components of a packed RGB or WRGB value.
+uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel::gamma32(uint32_t x) {
+ uint8_t *y = (uint8_t *)&x;
+ // All four bytes of a 32-bit value are filtered even if RGB (not WRGB),
+ // to avoid a bunch of shifting and masking that would be necessary for
+ // properly handling different endianisms (and each byte is a fairly
+ // trivial operation, so it might not even be wasting cycles vs a check
+ // and branch for the RGB case). In theory this might cause trouble *if*
+ // someone's storing information in the unused most significant byte
+ // of an RGB value, but this seems exceedingly rare and if it's
+ // encountered in reality they can mask values going in or coming out.
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+ y[i] = gamma8(y[i]);
+ return x; // Packed 32-bit return
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Fill NeoPixel strip with one or more cycles of hues.
+ Everyone loves the rainbow swirl so much, now it's canon!
+ @param first_hue Hue of first pixel, 0-65535, representing one full
+ cycle of the color wheel. Each subsequent pixel will
+ be offset to complete one or more cycles over the
+ length of the strip.
+ @param reps Number of cycles of the color wheel over the length
+ of the strip. Default is 1. Negative values can be
+ used to reverse the hue order.
+ @param saturation Saturation (optional), 0-255 = gray to pure hue,
+ default = 255.
+ @param brightness Brightness/value (optional), 0-255 = off to max,
+ default = 255. This is distinct and in combination
+ with any configured global strip brightness.
+ @param gammify If true (default), apply gamma correction to colors
+ for better appearance.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::rainbow(uint16_t first_hue, int8_t reps,
+ uint8_t saturation, uint8_t brightness,
+ bool gammify) {
+ for (uint16_t i = 0; i < numLEDs; i++) {
+ uint16_t hue = first_hue + (i * reps * 65536) / numLEDs;
+ uint32_t color = ColorHSV(hue, saturation, brightness);
+ if (gammify)
+ color = gamma32(color);
+ setPixelColor(i, color);
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Convert pixel color order from string (e.g. "BGR") to NeoPixel
+ color order constant (e.g. NEO_BGR). This may be helpful for code
+ that initializes from text configuration rather than compile-time
+ constants.
+ @param v Input string. Should be reasonably sanitized (a 3- or 4-
+ character NUL-terminated string) or undefined behavior may
+ result (output is still a valid NeoPixel order constant, but
+ might not present as expected). Garbage in, garbage out.
+ @return One of the NeoPixel color order constants (e.g. NEO_BGR).
+ NEO_KHZ400 or NEO_KHZ800 bits are not included, nor needed (all
+ NeoPixels actually support 800 KHz it's been found, and this is
+ the default state if no KHZ bits set).
+ @note This function is declared static in the class so it can be called
+ without a NeoPixel object (since it's not likely been declared
+ in the code yet). Use Adafruit_NeoPixel::str2order().
+*/
+neoPixelType Adafruit_NeoPixel::str2order(const char *v) {
+ int8_t r = 0, g = 0, b = 0, w = -1;
+ if (v) {
+ char c;
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; ((c = tolower(v[i]))); i++) {
+ if (c == 'r')
+ r = i;
+ else if (c == 'g')
+ g = i;
+ else if (c == 'b')
+ b = i;
+ else if (c == 'w')
+ w = i;
+ }
+ r &= 3;
+ }
+ if (w < 0)
+ w = r; // If 'w' not specified, duplicate r bits
+ return (w << 6) | (r << 4) | ((g & 3) << 2) | (b & 3);
+}
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